Main beneficiaries & outcomes
Beehives in the Ambrolauri municipality. @Sustainable Caucasus
Natia Geladze, a beneficiary from Ambrolauri
“In 2015, within the project for women, our family got hives with bee [colonies] for free to start beekeeping. The expert who trained us also lives in our village, and when we have questions, he is always ready to give free consultations. Currently, we are selling honey to the domestic market. This business is profitable because the demand for honey is high, and the price has also increased in the last few years. Involvement in this project was a good decision.”
The solution was implemented within the Ambrolauri municipality and included villager women who had been affected by natural disasters living in poor conditions. To strengthen women's involvement in business, diversify and improve their livelihoods, and support the agricultural sector in the Ambrolauri municipality, the bee-keeping practice was promoted with several bee colonies to the groups of women as an incentive to start their own honey-making business and ensured that the women received relevant theoretical and practical training.
To enable the women to operate their business, a small shop was opened near the main road in the Nikortsminda village, offering a permanent free place for women to sell the product and generate revenue. With the training and knowledge, the women promote beekeeping and biodiversity conservation measures within their communities and beyond. This type of solution can be implemented in different parts of the South Caucasus and other remote mountain regions and can have a particularly positive effect in communities where rural emigration rates are high and women's inclusion in local businesses is low. Through providing a lucrative option for income generation, especially for women, it contributes to poverty reduction by shifting dependence from forest resource use, thus increasing the resilience of households to climate change-induced impacts. Important enabling factors include the formulation of a local adaptation plan, peer-to-peer exchanges, and learning, considering and linking to tourist infrastructure for marketing and sales as well as raising awareness of the environmental co-benefits of beekeeping.
The number of pollinators is decreasing in many regions of the world, meaning that this solution combines community with environmental benefits for several mountain regions. In hilly areas where agriculture and increased erosion cause land degradation, promoting beekeeping can assist with restoring vegetation cover, thus reducing the threat of erosion and landslides. It is important to note that the honeybee species selected need to be adapted to the climate and environment in which it is being introduced.
Planning and implementation
Looking at Georgian society, women are considered more affected by climate change, mostly due to a higher vulnerability to natural disasters than men, and various gender-specific cultural, social, and economic barriers leading to less food security. In Ambrolauri, there is also a high proportion of women living below the poverty line, further increasing their vulnerability to climate change.
The main organizations implementing these small-scale adaptation projects, including the beekeeping solution, were: ECOVISION, GAWB and WWF-Caucasus. In the framework of the European Union (EU)-funded Climate Forum East II, the non-governmental organization (NGO) ECOVISION developed a Climate Change Adaptation Plan for Ambrolauri City and the Ambrolauri Municipality. The adaptation plan aims to strengthen local ecosystems and their services and create alternative income sources for the municipality`s population. As a first step, a climate risk assessment was developed, and - with the technical support of the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF)-Caucasus - modeling was used to forecast impacts of climate change-induced land degradation and biodiversity loss in Ambrolauri forest ecosystems. The assessment also looked at the social dimension and found that women and youth were particularly vulnerable. A specific Local Adaptation Plan on Biodiversity Protection was developed that includes forest adaptation measures but also provisions for awareness-raising. This included tools to inform communities about alternatives to livelihoods based on forest resource use for which the local NGO "Georgian Association Women in Business" (GAWB) was tasked with implementation.
To strengthen women's involvement in businesses, diversify and improve their livelihoods, and support the local economy in the municipality of Ambrolauri, GAWB offered training on alternative income opportunities such as beekeeping and marketing of local products along with awareness-raising for biodiversity conservation. They provided both women already in the honey-making business and women new to beekeeping with several bee colonies as an incentive to start their own business and ensured that they received relevant theoretical and practical support for beekeeping, honey production, packaging, and sales.
For women to generate revenue from their businesses, a small shop was opened near the main road in the Nikortsminda village, offering a permanent and free place for women to sell their products, including the local well-known ‘Lobiani’ bread with bean, and exchange within the community. The shop is placed on a frequently visited tourist route to cultural heritage sites in Ambrolauri municipality and was therefore successfully embedded into the local tourist infrastructure, thus supporting direct supply chains from production to local sales. To foster sustainability, a social enterprise for the management of the beehives has been created which is supposed to increase revenue and further enhance the promotion of this alternative income opportunity.
The expansion of beekeeping practices is also beneficial for the environment as it is expected to increase pollination via the local Caucasian honeybee (Apis mellifera Caucasia). These bees are known for being gentle and easy to handle, producing large quantities of honey, and are adapted to the climate of the Caucasus mountains. Bees are a major pollinator of crops and wild plants and therefore play a crucial role in agricultural production. Moreover, the improved pollination leads to more plant reproduction and transport of seeds, hence increasing vegetation cover. This has positive effects reducing the exposure to erosion on mountain slopes.
For women to generate revenue from their businesses, a near the main road in the Nikortsminda village, offering a permanent and free place for women to sell their products, including the local well-known ‘Lobiani’ bread with bean, and exchange within the community. The shop is placed on a frequently visited tourist route to cultural heritage sites in Ambrolauri municipality and was therefore successfully embedded into the local tourist infrastructure, thus supporting direct supply chains from production to local sales.
Finance
The project was implemented under the European Union-funded Climate Forum East II.
Innovation
This solution can be considered innovative as it can reduce poor women's vulnerability to climate change by strengthening their role in society and within the family, increasing household income. Important enabling factors include the formulation of a local adaptation action plan, peer-to-peer exchanges and learning as well as a focus on co-benefits of beekeeping.
Performance evaluation
Long term maintenance and sustainability
The sustainability of the solution is utilized through the ownership by the beneficiaries. The community is still operating the beekeeping practice, the demand of honey is getting high, and the price of the product spikes over time.
